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IGNITION SYSTEM AND ITS DIFFERENT KINDS

WHAT IS ON THE SYSTEM?

power circuit used in gasoline engines, is in charge of blowing up an electrical spark inside the cylinders to cause combustion of the air-fuel mixture at the appropriate time. Responsible for generating a high voltage to cause electrical spark is "winding." The coil is a transformer that converts the battery voltage 12 V. in a high voltage on the order of 12,000 to 15,000. Once the high voltage generated need an element distribution to each of the cylinders in a timely manner, taking into account that policilindricos engines work in a cycle with an order given for each cylinder explosion (eg 4 cylinder firing order: 1-3-4-2). The element that is responsible for distributing the high tension is the "distributor or Delco." The high voltage to cause electrical spark within each of the cylinders need an item that is "the spark", so many candles as the number of cylinders in the engine.

CONVENTIONAL POWER SYSTEM

In the diagram below we see an "on conventional" also called "ignition switch."

COIL coil there is little to say as it is an element that gives few problems and if that fails is replaced by an (no repair). The ignition coil is nothing more than an electrical transformer that converts battery voltage into a high voltage pulse that makes the spark jump between the electrodes of the bujía.La coil is composed of an iron core rod-shaped, consisting magnetic sheet by sheet, which is funky on the secondary winding, comprising many turns of fine copper wire (between 15,000 and 30,000) properly isolated from each other and the core. Above this is funky winding the primary winding, consisting of several hundred turns of thick wire, insulated from each other and the secondary. The relationship between the number of turns of both windings (primary and secondary) is between 60 and 150.

• DEALER

also called delco distributor evolved while systems did now disappear on reaching the last ignition systems. In breaker ignition systems, is the most complex and fulfills more functions, because in addition to distributing the high voltage as its name suggests, controls the power failure of the primary winding through the switch generating the high voltage . It also fulfills the mission of advancing or delaying the point of ignition in the cylinders by a "centrifugal governor" who acts in accordance with the number of engine revolutions and a "regulatory vacuum" that acts combined with the centrifugal governor as the engine load (as this more or less set foot on the accelerator pedal).

or Delco distributor is driven by the camshaft turning the same number of turns east and half the crankshaft. The distributor drive is not always the same, at about the drive is transmitted through a pinion-pinion, leaving the dealer in a vertical position with respect to the camshaft (right figure). In other distributor is directly driven by the camshaft without any transmission, leaving the dealer in a horizontal position (figure below).

LIGHT WITH ELECTRONIC AIDS

The ignition switch covencional for benefits from the implementation of electronics in the automotive world, thus saving the inconvenience of the ignition switch are: the occurrence of misfire at high revs the engine and the wear of the contacts of the switch, forcing the vehicle to pass by workshop every few miles. This type of power is called: "on using electronic "(right picture), the switch is no longer in charge of cutting the power to the coil, this is done by a transistor (T). The switch only has control functions so that it no longer compulsory to go the vehicle by the shop so often, it eliminates the capacitor is no longer necessary and the failure at high speed improved to some extent and there comes a time when the switch contacts causing the usual bounce misfire.

contactless electronic ON

contactosUna electronic ignition without major changes delco distributor or wine produced by replacing the "switch" mechanical element, by a "pulse generator" which is an electronic element. With this type of distribution was achieved on a system called "contactless electronic ignition" as shown in the diagram in the figure below ...

The distributor equipped with "pulse generator" is equal to that used in conventional ignition systems, ie with the elements of variation of the ignition point (" regulator centrifugal "and" regulatory vacuum ") and more construction materials. The fundamental difference is in replacing the switch by a pulse generator and the elimination of condensador.El pulse generator can be of type:" inductive "and "Hall effect".

INTEGRAL ELECTRICAL POWER

electronic ignition distributor integralUna again while changing further development of the ignition system, this time away elements of the advance correction Power Point (centrifugal regulator "and" regulatory vacuum ") and the pulse generator, which is replaced by electronic components. The dealer in this type of ignition is confined to distribute, as its name indicates, the high voltage from the coil to each spark plug.

ELECTRONIC IGNITION CONDENSER DISCHARGE

electronic ignition system for discharge condensadorEste also called on thyristor "works in a different way all ignition systems treated here. Its operation is based on charging a capacitor with electrical energy to then download it at this time causing the high voltage jumps the spark in the ignition type bujías.Este applies to vehicles which operate at a high number of revolutions as cars high performance or competition, is not suitable for other vehicles as it has misfire at low revs. Ignition spark plugs is extraordinarily intense. but its duration is very short, which can cause misfiring, to solve this problem increases the separation of the electrodes of the spark plugs to get more length.The transformer used in this type of switch is similar to the conventional ignition coil only in external form, as in its internal construction varies, especially the primary inductance is much lower.


As shown in the diagram below the dealer is similar to that used in other power systems, having in this case with a pulse generator such as "induction." Within the electronic control unit have a DC source capable of raising 12V. 400V battery. There is also a capacitor that is charged with the emerging which provides the power supply, then discharged through a thyristor on the primary transformer that generate high voltage reaching each of the plugs through the distributor. As shown here the power transformer has a different mission coil ignition systems with coil, since energy is not accumulated in the transformer, but in the condenser